black swan event
n.β Β«On Black Monday, October 19, 1987, the Dow Jones index, for reasons still being debated, fell 508 points, almost a quarter of its total. (The current equivalent, for comparisonβs sake, would be a 3,200-point loss on one day.) The drop turned out to be a βblack swan event,β a weirdly poetic economistβs term meaning, basically, a fluke (though few people remember it, the Dow still eked out a positive finish for the year).Β» ββThe Stench of β89″ by Michael Idov New York Magazine (New York City) Feb. 4, 2008. (source: Double-Tongued Dictionary)
I believe Nassim Taleb coined this term in his book “Fooled by Randomness: The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and the Markets”, and then explored it further in “The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable”