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Interesting examples.   It turns out that I have always preferred the British spelling of some words, in a few cases without even realizing it was British.   In order:

• I have nothing against the "-our" suffix, but I use it only when I'm in the mood.
• I definitely write "traveled", "canceled", "controled" and a few others like it, but it's only recently that I've become aware that these are British variations.   The reason is curious:   Back when I was in elementary school, an exceptionally poor student who everyone (including me) would have said was paying no attention, I was taught a rule about doubling the final consonant:   You double that consonant when the emphasis is on the final syllable and its vowel quality is short.   Thus "canned" is doubled (because it's emphasized and short), but "caned" (because it's a long 'a').   "Traveled" and "canceled" have one 'l', even though the 'e' is short, because the syllable is unemphasized.   "Controled" has only one 'l', even though the final syllable is emphasized, because the vowel is long.   Why did I retain that rule?   I dunno, but it turns out I retained a lot of stuff like that even though I thought I wasn't listening.   I still follow that rule today, and add extra words to my spell checker to make it happy.
• I don't care one way or the other about 'æ'; and 'Å“'; I can use 'em or ignore 'em without pain.
• I have always strongly preferred "judgement" to "judgment", and I never understood why.   I never knew it was a British spelling until just now.   Maybe I've read more British writing than I realized.
• "Aluminium" isn't really a British spelling, per se; I've been given to understand that it's actually the correct name.   Back when it was first being talked about (when it was first discovered as an element, perhaps?), there was an article about it in the American press that accidentally left out the 'i', and it was never corrected; Americans have been calling it "a-LOO-min-um" ever since, but the rest of the world says "al-lyoo-MINN-ee-um".   Or anyone who doesn't has been around Americans too long, I suppose.   It's been "aluminum" here so long that very few people would claim that it's just wrong, but technically I suppose that's the case.
• I've always written "catalogue" and "doughnut", too, without ever knowing until now that they're British.   I knew that "analog", "catalog" and such have been getting more frequent, and there's nothing wrong with them, really; I'm just used to writing "-logue".
• "Plough"/"plow" are interchangeable, in my lexicon.   I can't even say which one I'm more likely to write, myself; probably depends on what I've been reading recently.
• Allow me to add that "grey" still looks better to me than "gray".   I can't say why.

Ron Draney said: My reasoning is that the 'i' the Brits added comes from a mistaken assumption that all Latin names for chemical elements end in "-ium".....

No, no, the discoverer of a new element gets to pick the name.   If he picked "aluminium", then that is indeed its name no matter what mistaken beliefs he harbored about Latin endings.   Hold on, let me look it up...Wikipedia says

"The spelling 'aluminium' is the international standard in the sciences according to the IUPAC recommendations. Humphry Davy, the element's discoverer, first proposed the name 'alumium', and then later 'aluminum'. The name aluminium was finally adopted to conform with the -ium ending of metallic elements. Canada uses 'aluminum' and Australia and New Zealand 'aluminium', according to their respective dictionaries."

Dunno exactly how it applies in this case, but I've observed that although Americans prefer to retain the original pronunciation of a word borrowed from a foreign language, the Brits generally pronounce it using English-style phonetic interpretation.   Thus we drive "JAG-wahrz", but the Brits drive "JAG-yoo-ahrz".   There are other examples; maybe this is one.

I know, I know, if we really cared about the "original pronunciation" we would drive "HAHG-wahrz".   So maybe I should say that Americans at least try a little harder.

(And I can't tell you how horribly I winced when I first heard a BBC reporter inform me that he was speaking from "mun-AGG-you-ah, nick-er-AGG-yoo-ah".)

By the way, if you care about such things, in IPA-for-ASCII the above attempts at pronunciation are, respectively, /'dZ&gwarz/, /'dZ&gjuarz/, /'hagwarz/, /m@n'&gju@/ and /nIk@r'&gjua/.   More exact, but not as well known.

Your post led me to look up "phlogiston", which I've seen in sci-fi novels but never thought to learn before.   But now that I have, isn't that backward?   Seems to me that four fifths of Earth's atmosphere must be dephilogistated.

Ah, I see what happened.   I looked it up ("a hypothetical substance once believed to be present in all combustible materials and to be released during burning") and thought it referred to oxygen.   Just the opposite, mostly.