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I"ve been aware of the word "fraught" being solely used as part of "fraught with" (e.g., hostility, fear, etc.) Lately, I've heard NPR reports refer to situations being "fraught" not followed by the word "with" - seeming to imply a stress-filled or contentious situation. My dictionary confirms this is a valid use of the word. However, I am curious whether/why use of "fraught" without "with" is more prevalent now. Any insights? Thanks.
This is a new one to me; up 'til now, I too have heard "fraught" only as "fraught with". A little research...
The Online Etymology Dictionary says it's related to "freight", which in the early 1200s in Middle English was spelled fraght. The verb was fraughten and its past participle fraught, so it meant "laden" or "loaded". The entry finishes by saying "Figurative sense is first attested 1570s". So "fraught with" would be the usual and correct way of saying it.
But you say your dictionary confirms that simply "fraught" is a valid use of the word. I suppose that it can be valid to say that a ship is loaded (without specifying what with), but I suspect you heard NPR use the word to mean a situation was not just "loaded" but "loaded with tension, uncertainty or fear". If so, I'm going to take a leap of faith here and say your dictionary is mistaken.
Or rather, your dictionary doesn't actually say it's valid; it just says that people sometimes use the word that way. That's the problem with dictionaries these days; I don't think you can find a one anywhere in the English-speaking world that will try to tell you what's right. A decade or two ago even the Oxford English Dictionary abandoned prescription and went over to the "descriptive" position already adopted by every other dictionary in the language. Now it's left to old curmudgeons like me and Jack Kilpatrick to issue proclamations on whether "fraught" can correctly be used to mean "fraught with tension"—and he's dead, alas.
Glenn, back me up, here; you're an old curmudgeon too, aren't you?
I haven't heard that one, but it's at least not "fraught" by itself; "worry-fraught" clearly means "fraught with worry" (just using a different word order). Carol, is that how they did it on NPR? If so, I take back what I said about it being wrong; I thought you meant they said something like "the situation was fraught", just that and no more.
Bob, thanks for the etymological history of "fraught". I am comfortable with using fraught as part of a compound word - e.g., "worry-fraught".
What was unfamiliar to me on NPR was hearing a "situation is fraught" without a specific description of what it is fraught with.
Here's what my computer dictionary provides:
fraught |frôt|adjective1 [ predic. ]
1) ( fraught with) (of a situation or course of action) filled with or destined to result in (something undesirable) : marketing any newproduct is fraught with danger. 2) causing or affected by great anxiety or stress : there was a fraught silence |she sounded a bit fraught.
ORIGIN late Middle English , ‘laden, provided, equipped,' past participle of obsolete fraught [load with cargo,] from Middle Dutchvrachten, from vracht ‘ship's cargo.' Compare with freight.
appreciate your input....
Martha Barnette
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